What distinguishes the accrual basis of accounting from cash basis accounting?

The accrual basis of accounting is distinguished from cash basis accounting primarily by its treatment of revenues and expenses. Under the accrual basis, transactions are recorded when they are incurred or earned, regardless of when cash is actually received or paid. This means that a company will recognize revenue when it has completed its obligations under a contract or provided a service, not necessarily when the cash is received. Similarly, expenses are recognized when they are incurred, which might be before the actual cash payment is made.

This approach provides a more accurate representation of a company's financial position and performance during a particular accounting period, as it aligns income and expenses to the period in which they occur rather than just when cash flows happen. As a result, businesses can better assess their financial health and operating results, leading to more informed decision-making.