What does the current ratio measure?

The current ratio specifically measures a company's liquidity, which is its ability to meet short-term obligations with its current assets. This ratio is calculated by dividing total current assets by total current liabilities. A higher current ratio indicates that a company has more current assets available to cover its short-term debts, providing a buffer against potential financial difficulties. This measurement is crucial for stakeholders, including investors and creditors, as it shows the firm's financial health and operational efficiency in managing its short-term financial obligations.

In contrast, the other options address different aspects of financial performance and position. Profitability relates to how successfully a company generates income relative to its expenses, while efficiency of asset utilization focuses on how well a company uses its assets to generate revenue. The relationship between current liabilities and long-term assets does not accurately describe what the current ratio measures. Thus, option B is correctly identifying the purpose and significance of the current ratio in assessing a company's liquidity.